The Failure of the First and Second Reconstruction :: American History

The Failure of the stolon and guerilla reconstructionThe First and Second Reconstructions held out the great promise of rectifying racial in goodices in America. The First Reconstruction, emerging out of the chaos of the polite fight had as its goals equality for Blacks in voting, politics, and use of public facilities. The Second Reconstruction emerging out of the booming economy of the 1950s, had as its goals, integration, the end of Jim crowing and the more amorphous goal of making America a racial democracy where, the sons of creator slaves and the sons of former slave holders will be satisfactory to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. Even though both movements, were borne of high hopes they failed in bringing about their goals. Born in hope, they died in despair, as both movements saw many of their gains washed away. I propose to examine why they failed in realizing their goals. My thesis is that failure to hold in economic justice for Blacks in both movemen ts led to the failure of the First and Second Reconstruction. The First Reconstruction came after the Civil War and lasted manger 1877. The political, social, and economic conditions after the Civil War defined the goals of the First Reconstruction. At this time the Congress was divided politically on issues that grew out of the Civil War Black equality, rebuilding the due south, readmitting secondern states to Union, and deciding who would control government.1 Socially, the South was in chaos. Newly emancipated slaves wandered the South after having left their former masters, and the White population was spiritually devastated, uneasy about what lay ahead. Economically, the South was also devastated plantations lay ruined, railroads torn up, the system of slave labor in shambles, and cities burnt down. The economic condition of ex-slaves after the Civil War was just as uncertain many had left former masters and roamed thehighways.2 Amid the trademark Civil War chaos, various po litical groups were scrambling to further their agendas. First, Southern Democrats, a party comprised of leaders of the confederacy and other wealthy Southern whites, want-after(a) to end what they perceived as Northern domination of the South. They also sought to institute Black Codes, by limiting the rights of Blacks to move, vote, travel, and change jobs,3 which like slavery, would yield an adequate and cheap labor supply for plantations. Second, Moderate Republicans wanted to employ a policy of reconciliation between North and South, but at the same time ensure slavery was abolished.